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Bullet drop equal time to target, the shorter the time (or lack of) to target the "flatter" the hold on the target regardless of bullet BC. Most 40-60 gr. .224 bullets have BC around .255 a 69 gr. .375. If the 40 gr can be shot at 4200 fps they have the same drop as a 69 gr. at 3200 fps. Problem- difficult to get either out of AR type guns. A 24 in varmit heavy will push a 69 gr to the curve but the same load in a 16 in runs about 2400. problem- which bullet has the best characteristics of both flat traj. and knockdown. Depends on your barrel length and use. Recoil in an AR hold the barrel down with weight, problem - how much --depends on the shooter. The recoil difference between 55 and 69 gr is about the same as between 40 and 50 gr. I think it's amazing someone can tell the difference between 10 grs on a gun that weighs close to 49000grs., that would be a 2.04 -4e weight change in ejecta mass. In any case put a 1/2 oz wheel weight on your hand guard.

No two cylinder holes will be the same dia. varing slightly, usually about the same standard deviation as factory jacketed bullets. If your curious enough label the cylinders with a magic marker and fire groups from only each cylinder recording the results from that cylinder. At this time it would be wonderful to say something profound like the tighter cylinder shot tighter groups, but I have found that it depends more on the shape and condition of the forcing cone. Each cylinder acts as a swage before the bullet enters the forcing cone, and the size of that swage is smaller than the bore dia. as indicated in previous posts. When driven into the forcing cone the 3rd. moment of the bullet (inertia) and possibly the 2nd (acceleration) can be zero, while the pressure builds enough to start the engraving process. If your cylinder is too tight this process occurs in the cylinder, example --357 in 38's 454 casull in 45 LC causing the pressure curve to move ahead of the inertia moment and past the burst strength of the steel used in cylinder. Which brings us back to the first- manufacturers make the cylinders tighter in the front to stop people from using longer cases, hotter loads in that gun. From my point of view a 625 would be a great start for a 45 Rowland or a mini-Casull if not for the tighter cylinders. Also a 45 ACP headspaces on the rim, so it is necessary to have the diameter ahead of the end of case at least 2 thickness greater than the brass being used.

Most military is lacquered so use the collet to break the seal by first screwing it down so as to be to small for the bullet then gently push the bullet down into the case just enough to break the seal. then connect the collet to the bullet. they come out alot easier. Most 147 gr. FMJ will pock mark most of steels used in pepper poppers etc. Sprire pts. and open lead bullets don't, or at least as much. I think it is easier simply to load military surplus brass with downloads from the start, the trick of course is keeping the impulse high enough to operate the action.

WST is the same powder as the old 452 AA. For 45's 180 gr thru 230 gr. lead, plated, jacketed, zinc, as for me the best. anything from 4.2 grs thru 5.5 depending on the bullet and crimp. It is also the cleanest and I'll bet if you took a survey among the shooters who use it alot you will find it also has the lowest s.d. (standard deviation) of any powder they have used.

Because the bushing still holds the barrel up the torgue moment is much lower in a bushing gun set up. Lower power factor loads are a good candidate. Additionally the slide may not need to be lightened as much or you can still use higher rate springs for better lock up. Check Jarvis in Montana, I think he is still making them.

Your looking at from the present chronology. Most guns during that era were SW Mod 10 K frames that could be gotten for nothing. The barrels were then replaces with Douglas blanks then something like a Ron Power rib or Clark topped the gun off and you were ready for PPC- pre IPSC pre Bianchi etc. Then Bianchi came up and the most likely candidate were PPC type guns, because nobody counted on the realiability of autos. SW parts were very easy to get, Colt parts usually envolved knowing a Saudi oil minister, and the while Colt praised the accuracy of their laser sighted Pythons, the fact is they weren't that great. Additionally any twist rate could be had for Douglass barrels which made the slow twist rate of commercial SW way to slow for heavy bullet combinations. The heavy barreled Douglas blanks were one of the main reason Colt went to the heavy underlug and the "magnum" look. --they would hang better on the target as the saying used to go. In those days 44 mags were king and anything else was a "target"gun. Something like the top dog now the 625, are still a joke among people who use wheelguns for hunting. As far as tuning a Python the leaf spring used was a hold over from the early 44 they built, but updated the larger frame for the 357. this spring doubled as a hammer and trigger return spring as I recall and was very difficult to get both the springs rates on each leaf simaltaneously correct. -But you can't beat the blue job.

Because a slow burning powder usually has a higher charge weight it has a higher ejecta mass, couple this with a longer burn time and less contribution per volume of mass by the added nitroglycerin, a lot of shooters believe that they help their compensators "work better". The difference would be say in a 9mm 4.5 grs of WST for a 115 gr. or total mass of 119.5 grs vs. say 10 grs of WW 571 or now 125 grs. of mass. or 3.7 percent vs. 8 % or a gain by using the slower powder in a comp of about 5%. Highest velocities are usually attained using slower powders because the pressure curve act longer to increase the velocity of the bullet. It a gun could be made strong enough, the same wt. of fast burning powder would cause a higher velocity but at a much higher pressure. Why- beacause the faster burning powder has more chemical energy per unit volume than the slower powder. A better work around is a med. Universal, 700 or WSF. Slow powders cause extreme muzzle blast. I have a 9mm/25 using cut down 45 Win. Mag cases that uses 20 grs. 296 for 147 gr bullets at 1600 out of a 5" BarSto that gives headaches, also a Casull with 33 grs. of 296 with 300 gr bullets that is good for about 25 rounds in this shooter. One big advantage of the low pressure 45's is this point.

Spreader wads have been around for 20 years- Simple usually a post down the middle. The best way to "spread" a pattern is use extremely soft shot or hammer it so that it is not round when it hits the air the non uniform aerodynamics on each different shaped piece of shot will do the job additionally remove the plastic leafs on the wad before loading, or better yet, get gas seals and wads only, no leafs from Ballastic products reloading. They will also provide reloading information for them.

I'm awash in visual metaphor.

The chrome isn't really a lining as such, it is a thin layer of vapor not much thicker than bad copper wash from shooting to much and not cleaning, i forgot the thickness, but it would surprize how thin it really is. It does not chip and shorting works great, just remember that the barrel should not be cut back to the sight, gas tube or the pressure reserve impulse curve will not operate the bolt. Touch up the crown with something like an RCBS case bevel or large drill bit, hand turned.

In semi auto and full auto weapons the brass case acts as a radiator to extract heat from the walls of the chamber(why the hot when one lands on your neck). The particular cycle rate of the weapon and the amount of powder burned determine the initial temp of the chamber, obviously 50's are hotter than 30's etc. The powder forms varnishes and lacquers as it burns and coats the linings of the barrel. Military bullets have more copper in them and little Zinc to act as a gilding metal, which decreases the coefficient of friction, and thus copper wash on the lands. I have had more problems with badly head spaced chrome lined than stainless. ---but--- these were cheap barrels. Target grade stainless tend to be more expensive--less--- deviations from tolerances. With the use you describe the chrome lined would be a good place to start. Using a military chamber brush will solve the problem in either case.

Have used all. Personal preference is a 2X Leo extended eye relief, Use the same set up on a 270 scout rifle and don't have to learn two systems. System seems (to me at least) to allow both eyes to remain open --easier-- than dot systems. Dot systems work best in low light and sometimes dot gets lost if not but on high, battery problems, profile higher, remember to turn on etc.

Lupy makes three close focus scopes 2 3X9's and a 6.5X20 You can get any crosshair (reticle) you want put in them. 3X9 will give more eye relief for fast shots and those times when your cheek doesn't exactly weld to the stock. (more forgiving). The 3X9 target dot is 1/8" fine crosshair and 1/4" target dot. this scope also has target turrets. Personally I use the Duplex on a Volqortsen/Fajen for silhoutte shooting. You will find that the Leo's have the added advantage of causing very little eye stain after hours of concentrated practice.

Use one top with an accurate 416 stainless for varmits and groups, shoot it out cut it down for action shooting. Good stainless will shoot more than 8000 rds, and still be under an inch.Unless you are using a 1/8 " crosshair sub 1 inch groups are difficult and uneccesary in practical and action shooting. Besides the additional time factor would kill your score. Bushmaster and Robinsons barrels have Nato chambers which have longer leade which allows for lower chamber pressure on rapid fire. SAMMI chambers have shorter and when severly heated cause higher chamber pressures. From a practical standpoint, to me a least the .223 power factor sucks. 65 gr. Win. PP reloads allow for shorter barrels with a better power factor. 26 inch .223 with 69 gr will reach 3300-3400 which gives it about the same parabola as 168 gr. .308. (bolt guns).

Take a look at the Remington Stainless steel fluted barrels on their varmiters and also Kimbers, Both guns (have one of each) shoot just as tight as groups as the full contours (have those also). Do I feel the cost is worth it? In this case yes because the fluted barrels are walking varmiters and carry better. Most AR with heavy barrels, are to front end heavy anyway. I do it to restore the balance of the gun.

Chrome lined barrels aren't really chrome lined -its a vapor deposition. Orginally it was instituted to stop the corrosion not erosion of primers salts that were compounded using potassium salts, that when deposited on the barrel would hygroscopically absorb moisture from the air and corrode the barrel with the action much like a car fender during the winter. The major difference (certainly not power factor) is the leade difference in the throat- Chrome lined barrels tend to come from manufac. that do military contracts thus have NATO throats which are longer and allow for pressure increases when the gun is fired rapidly (read full auto) caused by expansion in the metal local to the throat area. SS 416 barrels are cut to SAAMI specs. which have shorter leads and the bullet contacts the rifling earlier thus better accuracy. Military barrels have all kinds of roll stamps MP (metal particicle-fluxing) etc. to prove that some piece of sh*t was not slipped into the system for profit. High quality broach cut 416 barrels have already admitted profit and compete in the market place. (read pretty hard to get a bad barrel). As far as accuracy, I would truely like to see a military barrel compete with a good 416 with handloads before As to wear, I have measured 416 barrels with 20,000 rounds with erosion gauges that still shoot better than new chrome lined barrels. The chrome lining will still wear at the leades and erode, In short barrel life is not an issue with either, but reliability is, and can only be assessed on an individual gun basis.

Perhaps this isn't the forum, but- most handguns will outshoot the shooter. small differences in crowning can be detected using Thompson contenders in varmit calibers off sandbags using a small as a 4X scope. If you happen to drop your roscoe on the cement and can detect a indentation in the muzzle use something like a case reamer to remove it. As the previous thread mentioned, small changes in pistols muzzles makes little over all change.

Shooters as responders to stimuli will tend to flinch, the thread by catfish indicated that they had moved past this to point where the visual apparatice was providing input to the subconsious without a direct point of partiality. ie all inputs were equal. Miller simply knew this and moved the student to (hopefully) this level in order to reduce instruction time. By making them become observers very close to the blast of the gun and the brass coming coming out perhaps they would become observers apart such as catfish's experience. I am sure most instructors have something similiar. I was merely relating an experience from someone which may have perhaps a common thread. Nothing new here, martial arts, does it all the time in focus techniques, and distancing techniques. The decision is consious but the subconsious really takes over and one acts almost as a machine. A long time ago I tried doing an experiment using this as a guide and a Master level shooter, and measuring blood glucose levels to see the effect insulin load had on the outcome. It was very hard to standardize the test, (pre-meter era) but it would be interesting to do it now with the fast and accurate glucose meters used today. Another area of great interest would be carbon dioxide tension.

Return to Yor-One of the main advantages of compensators (pre-optics) was the placing of the front site on the comp. thus a non-reciprocating site picture. It was thought that the eye could retain the sight picture longer or pick it up faster than trying to pick the blade up on a slide that was moving all the time.

Stepped crowning techniques are good when there is enough meat on the barrel to allow them--and you have a full length lathe- to turn it on. Other wise 11 degree target crowns can be easily installed on just about anything with cutting compound and a steel ball bearing.

One of the techniques Paul Miller used to use (one of the first instructors at Gunsite, and current director/owner of the Worlds speed shooting in Colorado) when he was teaching was making the student stand on the right side next to the injection port while he would rip of several mags, in what later became known as Bill drills.-The point --exactly what you discovered in your match epiphany.

The many bike riding analogies are good, (you can visulize riding a bike all you want, but you haven't done it till you did it). In the old days (before optical sights and I know your gonna love this return to yor) slowing down simply meant shooting slower so that all your hits were on an 8" paper plate. Then enos came along with this Zen stuff. Being a practioner of Iado the entire procedure of preparation is geared toward the Seita-gata. Strike without mind. Game shooting is the same. Many mind things, few actual physical (although probably more than bowling). But the point I wanted to make is- physical conditioning involves the movement of memory patterns to the lower and mid spinal column were the action takes place from the neuromuscular junctions to the appendages through the dorsal horn cells and not up to the brain for analysis and then back down to the dorsal column for reprocessing and execution through the appendages. The visual center is used only as input to this center, like wise the control on the left and right brain hemispheres must be seperated. If you don't you will always want to close your left eye or use your right hand for aiming (or both) as an example. A seperation could occur as an example by using your left thumb as a gross aiming device and your right hand as fire control. However your choose to make the new mental concepts, they must be forgotten, A begginer shoots because he doesn't know, an intermediate knows and shoots anyway, a master has forgotten. Slow down to allow those subconsious processes to come up through the spinal cord and dominate the shooting event or process. If something didn't go right, remember,practice, forget. Some of the really slow shooting sports are even worse at keeping a clear or blank mind-NRA bullseye, Trap, skeet, they are so slow one could shoot a complete IPSC stage and be back in time for their turn-give them a try with this concept in mind and your race shooting will improve.

New to this forum and notice most of the topics concern-race shooting- is it permissible to introduce other areas? Long range metallic shooting, hunting type revolvers etc. as an example? or is that left better to other forums?

Had a K frame do the same forcing cone split from lead then jacketed- Learned the hard way although S&W replaced it. Now I always use an 11 degree forcing cone reamer and facing tool on a new gun.

The essay wasn't meant as a static vector analysis but merely an insight into some of the misconceptions of compensators. The increase in gas velocity is a function of the ratio of the barrel size to the decrease in the port size. If no baffling occurs , still shot photos show the gases not to be passing the bullet, shotgun wad, or what ever else is being photoed. A redirection of the gases would actually result in a decrease of net kinetic energy. (this is the why silencers work). The static force vector of the pivot point and the WEIGHT attached to it are the MOST important factors, thus barrel length, and compensator weight, full contoured etc. have far more effect than the compensator. You are suggesting that the escape velocity of the gases are now 2800 fps in a 38 Super, don't you think that is a bit much.