Red v. Green fibers may really boil down to the individual user, and their specific eyes. Typically Red will be picked up faster for most people, and at longer distances due to the longer wave length of the light (hence why stop lights and signs are red.) In this case it seems the idea of a fiber optic rod in the front sight is to create maximum contrast against the black sight, in addition to providing the brightest point in your field of view (your eyes will naturally track to the brightest object).
Here is an article on the science of the eye that explains it better than I can.
https://visual.ly/blog/the-use-of-yellow-in-data-design/